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<p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=2 color="#cc0000"
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#CC0000;
font-weight:bold'>Department of Psychology <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=2 color="#cc0000"
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#CC0000;
font-weight:bold'>Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
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<p align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Venue </span></font><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>CSG027
(groundfloor, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Computer</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Science</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Building</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>)</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Tuesday 10<sup>th</sup> November
2009, 2pm<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><b><font size=2 color=red face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:red;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><u><font size=2 color=red
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:red;font-weight:bold'>Nothing to Lose: Desperate circumstances
require desperate measures<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></b></p>
<p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><i><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Invited speaker:<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><i><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Russell Spears<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><b><i><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Cardiff</span></font></i></b></st1:PlaceName><b><i><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Wales</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><i><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><i><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold;
font-style:italic'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><i><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
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font-family:Arial'><o:p><span style='text-decoration:none'> </span></o:p></span></font></u></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Classical social identity theory predicts that social
competition (e.g. conflict, discrimination, collective action) is most likely
under conditions that promote insecure social comparisons between disadvantaged
(e.g. low status, disempowered) groups and advantaged groups. The
classical determinants of this are status instability and illegitimacy, which
promote cognitive alternatives to the status quo (Tajfel & Turner, 1979).
This raises the question, however, of what happens to groups whose disadvantage
is stable. We argue that such groups do not necessarily sit back and accept
their disadvantage. On the contrary, such conditions can lead to more radical
and extreme responses to their plight (‘desperate circumstances require
desperate measures’). We describe a series of studies focusing on the
role of status stability, and group (in)efficacy as predictors of a strategy we
call ‘Nothing to lose’. We present a revised and extended version
of social identity theory (RESIT) that helps to explain when and why more
extreme forms of intergroup behaviour occur.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p style='text-align:justify;line-height:50%'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:50%;font-family:Arial'>Event
convened by:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
line-height:50%'><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:
10.0pt;line-height:50%;font-family:Arial'>Dr. Robert D. Lowe,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
line-height:50%'><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:
10.0pt;line-height:50%;font-family:Arial'>Research Fellow,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
line-height:50%'><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:
10.0pt;line-height:50%;font-family:Arial'>Department of Psychology,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
line-height:50%'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:50%;
font-family:Arial'>University</span></font></st1:PlaceType><font size=2
face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:50%;
font-family:Arial'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Limerick</st1:PlaceName></span></font></st1:place><font
size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:50%;
font-family:Arial'>.</span></font><font size=2><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:50%'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='line-height:50%'><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:50%'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='line-height:50%'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:50%;font-family:Arial'>rob.lowe@ul.ie<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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