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<p class=MsoTitle style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 color=navy
face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;color:navy;
text-transform:uppercase'>Materials &</span></font></b><font size=3
color=navy face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;
color:navy;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:normal'> </span></font><font
size=3 color=navy face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;
color:navy;text-transform:uppercase'>Surface Science Institute<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoTitle><b><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;text-transform:uppercase'>Research Forum
2010<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;
font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;
font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h5><b><u><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>PRESENTATION BY<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></b></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Dr.
Eiichi Fukada<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Kobayasi
Institute of Physical Research<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:City w:st="on"><b><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Tokyo</span></font></b></st1:City><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'> <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoHeading9 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><u><font size=3
color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>TITLE OF
PRESENTATION<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><u><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p><span
style='text-decoration:none'> </span></o:p></span></font></u></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Piezoelectricity
of Bone and Electromechanical Stimulation of Bone Growth<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Piezoelectricity in bone
was found more than 50 years ago and the effect was ascribed to the crystalline
properties of collagen fibers with uniaxially oriented structure. Piezoelectric
effects in many other proteins and polypeptides were studied and the origin of
the stress–induced polarization was ascribed to the internal rotation of
CONH dipoles in helical protein molecules. In wet bone, the streaming potential
due to stress gradient was found to play a major role in the stress-induced
polarization. Implantation of piezoelectric polymers such as poly-L-lactic acid
into bone caused the formation of callus. A number of apparatus to stimulate
fracture healing have been invented: DC, AC electric current, Electromagnetic
Pulse and Ultrasound. Various biochemical reactions of cells such as MC3T3
during electromechanical stimulations were studied, which suggested some
characteristic time scales. A hypothesis was presented that the ion channel
proteins in cell membranes react to the electric field and mechanical stress.</span></font></p>
<p class=textonormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Times><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>ABOUT THE PRESENTER</span></font></b><font
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Eiichi Fukada received
B.Sc. in 1944 and D.Sc. in 1960 both from Department of Physics, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Tokyo</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>. He was British Council Scholar at
Department of Physics, Imperial College of Science and Technology, <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:City> in 1956-1958. He
worked at Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research (KIPR), <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Tokyo</st1:place></st1:City> in 1944-1963. He moved to the <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Physical</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> and Chemical Research (RIKEN),
Saitama in 1963 and worked as Research Director of Biopolymer Physics
Laboratory until 1980, then as an Executive Director of Riken in 1980-1984.
After retirement, he continued to work as Research Advisor, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Super
Materials</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>, ULVAC, Tsukuba in 1987-1998, and as
Director, KIPR in 1992-2002 and as Research Advisor of KIPR from 2002 to
present. He was Visiting Professor at <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Gakushuin</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>, <st1:City w:st="on">Tokyo</st1:City>
in 1961-1980, <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">New York</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> in 1965-1966, <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">San Paulo</st1:PlaceName> in 1974, Technical
University of Darmstadt and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Constance</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> in 1986. He
published about 250 papers in English and about 200 papers in Japanese. He
received several awards from the academic societies in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>, Galvani
Award from the International Symposium on Electrobiology in 1989 and Poiseille
Gold Medal Award from the International Society of Biorheology in 1995. His
research area includes piezoelectricity of biological and synthetic polymers,
electrical stimulation of bone growth, and biorhelogy of blood and its
clotting.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=3 color=maroon
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;
font-weight:bold'>DATE: </span></font></b><font color=maroon><span
lang=EN-IE style='color:maroon'>Tuesday, 6 April 2010<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=3 color=maroon
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;
font-weight:bold'>TIME:</span></font></b><font color=maroon><span lang=EN-IE
style='color:maroon'> 12h00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;font-weight:bold'>VENUE:</span></font></b><font
color=maroon><span lang=EN-IE style='color:maroon'> MSB-012 <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">MSSI</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Building</st1:PlaceType></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=2
color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:black;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h1 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>REFRESHMENTS WILL BE
PROVIDED AT 11h45<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p class=MsoHeading8 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=navy
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:
bold'>For further information, please contact:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoHeading8><b><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=ES
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Dr Teresa Curtin, Tel. </span></font></b><b><font
size=2><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold'>No: (061) 202981 or
Email: <a href="mailto:teresa.curtin@ul.ie">teresa.curtin@ul.ie</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
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