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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><img
width=294 height=82 id="_x0000_i1040" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CADD59.2DB33EB0"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><b><font size=5 color="#003366" face="Book Antiqua"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";color:#003366;
font-weight:bold'>Public Policy, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Enterprise</st1:City></st1:place>,
Governance and Sustainability (PPEGS) Seminar Series<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><i><font size=4
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-style:
italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>The
Public Policy, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Enterprise</st1:City></st1:place>,
Governance and Sustainability Research Theme invites you to a seminar by<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-weight:bold'>Professor Vani K. Borooah</span></font></b><span lang=EN-IE> </span><b><font
size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Book Antiqua";font-weight:bold'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on"><i><font size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";font-style:italic'>University</span></font></i></st1:PlaceType><i><font
size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Book Antiqua";font-style:italic'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Ulster</st1:PlaceName></span></font></i></st1:place><i><font
size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Book Antiqua";font-style:italic'><o:p></o:p></span></font></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>Titled<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-weight:bold'>When Irish Eyes Are Smiling: Voter Satisfaction and Voter
Choice in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Ireland</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-weight:bold'>Date</span></font></b><font size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>: Wednesday April
21st, 14.00-15.00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:14.0pt;text-align:center'><b><font
size=4 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Book Antiqua";font-weight:bold'>Venue</span></font></b><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>: <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Kemmy</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Business</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">School</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, KB1-11 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><i><font size=4
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-style:italic'>All are welcome to attend<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=3 color=navy
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-weight:bold'>Abstract</span></font></b><font face="Book Antiqua"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3 face="Book Antiqua"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>This paper
begins by examining differences between West and East European countries in
satisfaction with the way democracy worked. Compared to East European countries,
satisfaction levels were considerably higher in West European countries.
Moreover, there was considerably greater inequality in the distribution of
satisfaction in East European, compared to West European, countries. When
these facts were combined to construct “equity-sensitive”
satisfaction averages, the gap between West European and East European
countries was even greater than suggested by a comparison of average
satisfaction levels. Shining through all this was <st1:country-region w:st="on">Ireland</st1:country-region>:
of all the countries in the sample, people in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Ireland</st1:country-region></st1:place> were happiest with the way
democracy worked in their country. A possible reason for high levels of
satisfaction in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Ireland</st1:country-region></st1:place>
is that the system of the Single Transferable Vote offered Irish voters
considerable choice between voting for a candidate and voting for a
party. When this choice was analysed in terms of the warmth of voters'
feeling towards the parties on the one hand and, on the other, their reasons
for casting their first preference votes, several interesting insights about
Irish electoral behaviour in the 2002 General Election emerged. First, it
is clear that Fianna Fail "succeeded", and Fine Gael failed, in the
polls in spite of the fact that the gap in voters' empathy with their policies
was, in fact, quite small. Fianna Fail's success lay in its ability to
put forward good candidates who were good representatives of their areas and
Fine Gael's failure was rooted in its inability to do so. Irish voters,
on the face of it, feel warm towards those parties that supply likeable
candidates who do things for their constituency and constituents. It is
all very <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Gemütlichkeit</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua";
font-weight:bold'>Bio<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3 face="Book Antiqua"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>Vani K. Borooah
is Professor of Applied Economics at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Ulster</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>.
He was born in <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region> and
came to <st1:country-region w:st="on">England</st1:country-region> in 1973 as a
postgraduate student to the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Southampton</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>.
After taking his Ph.D. in from Southampton in 1977, he joined the Department of
Applied Economics at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Cambridge</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> as a
Research Officer. He was concurrently Fellow of Queens’ College, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Cambridge</st1:City></st1:place>. In 1987,
he was appointed to the Chair in Applied Economics at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Ulster</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>.
Professor Borooah is past President of the European Public Choice Society and
of the Irish Economic Association and is also Honorary Professor of Economics
at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Queensland</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>. His
work has been mainly in the areas of unemployment, inequality, poverty, and
development. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>The Public Policy, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Enterprise</st1:City></st1:place>, Governance and
Sustainability Seminar Series is organised by:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>John Cullinan (Department
of Economics)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>Mark Cummins (Department of
Accounting and Finance)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>Helena Lenihan (Department
of Economics)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>Philip O’Regan
(Department of Accounting and Finance)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Book Antiqua"><span lang=EN-IE
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>If you have any questions
regarding this seminar, please direct them to John Cullinan (061 202975, <a
href="mailto:john.cullinan@ul.ie">john.cullinan@ul.ie</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
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