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<title>MATERIALS & SURFACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE</title>
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<p class=MsoTitle style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 color=navy
face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;color:navy;
text-transform:uppercase'>Materials &</span></font></b><font size=3
color=navy face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;
color:navy;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:normal'> </span></font><font
size=3 color=navy face=Times><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times;
color:navy;text-transform:uppercase'>Surface Science Institute<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoTitle><b><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;text-transform:uppercase'>Research Forum
2010<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;
font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy;
font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h5><b><u><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>PRESENTATION BY<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></b></h5>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Professor
Anthony Kinloch<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><b><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Imperial</span></font></b></st1:PlaceName><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType> <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:City><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoHeading9 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><u><font size=3
color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>TITLE OF
PRESENTATION<o:p></o:p></span></font></u></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><u><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'><o:p><span style='text-decoration:
none'> </span></o:p></span></font></u></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>The
Toughness of Epoxy Polymers and Fibre-Composites Modified with Silica
Nanoparticles<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The present seminar
discusses the effect of adding silica nanoparticles to an anhydride-cured epoxy
polymer in bulk and when used as the matrix of carbon- and glass-fibre
reinforced composites. The formation of ‘hybrid’ epoxy polymers,
containing both silica nanoparticles and carboxyl-terminated
butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber microparticles, is also discussed. The
structure/property relationships are considered, with an emphasis on the
toughness and the toughening mechanisms. The fracture energy of the bulk epoxy
was increased from 77 to 212 J/m<sup>2</sup> by the presence of 20 wt.% of
silica nanoparticles. The observed toughening mechanisms that were operative
were (a) plastic shear-yield bands, and (b) debonding of the matrix from the
silica nanoparticles, followed by plastic void growth of the epoxy. The largest
increases in toughness observed were from the formation of the
‘hybrid’ materials. Here a maximum fracture energy of 965 J/m<sup>2</sup>
was measured for a ‘hybrid’ epoxy polymer containing 9wt.% and
15wt.% of the rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles, respectively. These
increases in the toughness of the bulk polymers were found to be transferred to
the fibre composites, and the fracture energy was increased further by a fibre-bridging
toughening mechanism. The cyclic fatigue properties were also observed to be
enhanced. The present work also extends an existing model to predict the
toughening effect of the nanoparticles in a thermoset polymer. There was
excellent agreement between the predictions and the experimental data for the
epoxy containing the silica nanoparticles, and with micrometre-sized glass
particles. The latter, relatively large, glass particles were investigated to
establish whether a ‘nano-effect’ with respect to increasing the
toughness of the epoxy bulk polymers did indeed exist.</span></font></p>
<p class=textonormal style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<h2 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=3 face=Times><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>ABOUT THE PRESENTER</span></font></b><font
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=2 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Professor Tony Kinloch<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'> </span></b>DSc (Eng) <font color=black><span
style='color:black'>FREng FRS,</span></font> holds a personal chair as
‘Professor of Adhesion’ and is the ‘Head of Department’
of Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College London. He also leads the
‘Adhesion, Adhesives and Composites’ Research Group. He has
published over two hundred patents and refereed papers in the areas of adhesion
and adhesives, toughened polymers and the fracture of polymers and fibre-composites;
and written and edited seven books in these areas. In 1997 he was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and in 2007 was elected to the
Fellowship of The Royal Society.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=3 color=maroon
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;
font-weight:bold'>DATE: </span></font></b><font color=maroon><span
lang=EN-IE style='color:maroon'>Tuesday, 25 May 2010<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><font size=3 color=maroon
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;
font-weight:bold'>TIME:</span></font></b><font color=maroon><span lang=EN-IE
style='color:maroon'> 12h00<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon;font-weight:bold'>VENUE:</span></font></b><font
color=maroon><span lang=EN-IE style='color:maroon'> MSB-012 <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">MSSI</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Building</st1:PlaceType></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=maroon face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-IE style='font-size:12.0pt;color:maroon'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=2
color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-IE style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:black;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
<h1 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>REFRESHMENTS WILL BE
PROVIDED AT 11h45<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p class=MsoHeading8 style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=navy
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:
bold'>For further information, please contact:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoHeading8><b><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=ES
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Dr Teresa Curtin, Tel. </span></font></b><b><font
size=2><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-weight:bold'>No: (061) 202981 or
Email: <a href="mailto:teresa.curtin@ul.ie">teresa.curtin@ul.ie</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
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